Nov-2025

Study into the adoption of digital payments for public transportation in developing cities. The study analyses and evaluates the factors influencing the adoption of of digital payments. Results found that prior use of transport, type of phone owned, internet availability and age have a significant impact on likelihood to use digital payments. 

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Nov-2025

Study develops a framework for investigating physical encounters of individuals in urban metro systems using smart card data in Shenzhen, China. 

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Jun-2025

Comprehensive review of uses cases for leveraging smart cards for analytical studies applied to public transport research. Aims to provide insights into smart card data research and highlight potential knowledge gaps that warrant further research. 

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Jun-2025

Paper intended to develop a methodology to evaluate the benefits of smart ticketing systems. Bases evaluation on 6 KPIs: Validations, Rejected Validations, Ticket Inspections, Sale of Travel Passes, Quality of Service, and Alarms. The study demonstrates this methodology in case study evaluating the Italian Region of Lombardy.

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May-2025

Investigation based on interviews with 61 key stakeholders into issues that arose during attempts to produce a national smart ticketing policy. Highlights governments lack of direction when drawing a balance between the development of a national policy and maintaining a "light touch" approach to transport strategy.

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May-2025

Study investigates the impact of a mobile app on bus ridership in San Antonio, Texas. Study used random effect regression models to analyse the transit app influence on ridership between 2015 and 2019, accounting for various alternative ridership influences such as fare changes, route characteristics, weather, socioeconomic conditions and the price of petrol. Research found that the app had a positive impact on ridership for infrequent routes, but had less of an impact on frequent services. 

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Mar-2025

Study into the impact special and weather events have on urban transport demand, making use of smart card data from 13 municipal districts in 2021 and 2022. Research found that cultural and demographic factors heavily influenced demand, implying that passenger behaviour is intricate and localised. Additionally, weather events such as rain or snow fall caused demand reductions of 8% and 37% respectively. 

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Dec-2024

Study makes use of smart card data and travel survey data to determine low-to-middle income residents' secondary activity patterns. Study finds that these users have very few secondary activities, and advocates for urban amenities to be made more accessible. 

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Oct-2024

Study makes use of smart card data from nearly 9 million subway users to examine the long term impacts of the pandemic on residential locations and subway users in Beijing. Research indicates a notable trend of residential relocation towards the city centre, it is also observed that those with longer commute times are increasingly attempting to reduce their commute times. 

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Sep-2024

Study investigates the potential for electronic payment systems already used in domestic flight to be used on public transport systems. The study uses the Technology Acceptance Model to determine levels of passenger acceptance. 

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Aug-2024

Study makes use of ethnographic observation, semi-structured interviews, and the ALARA model of information search to examine consumer engagement with mobile payment apps in Lagos, Nigeria. Study finds that cultural preferences and trust in traditional payment systems significantly impact willingness to adopt mobile apps. The study recommends an inclusive technological strategy, developing accessible information channels and user-friendly design features, engaging with users to make continuous improvements to the app and adopting a nuanced understanding of socio-cultural influences on technology adoption to inform policy and business strategies. 

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Apr-2024

Study into the demographics and travel behaviour of the users of a smart ticketing system. The study finds that being educated, wealthy and younger increased rates of adoption, and vice versa. The study also found that longer-term smart ticketing users travelled more for recreational activity and work than non- and new users.

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Jan-2024

Report highlights the importance of demand forecasting, noting that the public transport sector is particularly vulnerable to fluctuations in consumer demand for perishable commodities. The researchers propose a method of demand forecasting for passenger transport which attains a success rate of 98.45%.

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Nov-2023

Paper makes use of smart card datasets to analyse factors that influence the behaviour in relation to bus line shift, focused on a case study of the public transport network in Belo Horizonte, Brazil. Research indicates that users are generally inclined to bus line shifts than using the same lines, with such changes ocurring more frequently during late hours and inter-peak periods compared to morning and afternoon peak hours. Additionally, regular users are more likely to change lines than occasional users, and trips with discounts and smart card usage for transfers on trips home tend to involve different lines. The study considers several policy measures for mitigating passenger discomfort associated with changing bus lines.  

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Oct-2023

Report on the impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on the amount of concessionary travel taking place. Report notes a significant reduction (up to a third) in passholder journeys, with elderly people particularly affected. Additionally, whilst there was a decline of 2.6% in active passholders between 2019 and 2022, rural active passholders increased by 1.6%.

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Aug-2023

Study conducts systematic review into the use of smart card data for analysing mobility patterns, noting that clustering and segmentation techniques have been adapted to conduct market segmentation and analyse urban activity locations.

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Jun-2023

Study intends to contribute to the measurement of activity-based social segregation between multiple groups using smart card data. Study was conducted in Stockholm county in Sweden, showing a slight decrease in segregation between 2017 and 2020. 

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Jun-2023

Study aiming to identify passenger profiles using smartcard in Santiago, Chile by studying their recovery post pandemic. The study identified two groups: those who returned to their pre-pandemic patterns, and those who adapted their mobility patterns. 

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Nov-2022

Report investigating challenges and opportunity in smart ticketing for transport projects. The report highlights challenges such as: the high number of solutions - each having advantages and disadvantages - producing a complex landscape for procurers, lack of affordability for the systems, lack of standards means multi-operator/modal systems can be challenging to produce. The report highlights willingness to engage and understand of the importance of smart ticketing by operators, central and local government as key opportunities for smart ticketing. 

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May-2022

Study intends to improve short -term forecasting of public transport demand, using AI-based deep learning models for prediction of bus passenger demands based on real patronage data obtained from the smartcard ticketing system in Melbourne. Study found that the models were able to predict passenger demand with over 90% accuracy.

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